Skip to main content
Northwestern Medicine
Skip to content
Utility navigation
Home
MyNM Patient Portal
Careers
Pay a Bill
Financial Assistance
For Physicians
Feinberg School of Medicine
Newsroom
Contact Us
Northwestern Medicine
menu
search
Search
Search
Clear field
search
Cancel
Find Doctors
location_on
Locations Near You
Main navigation
Doctors
Locations
Conditions and Services
Patients and Visitors
HealthBeat
Clinical Research
Home
Related Reading
Translate
Spanish Content
Enfermedades y afecciones
Cirugías y procedimientos
Medicamentos
Videoteca
Recursos en Internet
Verificador de Síntomas
Spanish Content
Health Encyclopedia Explorer
Search health encyclopedia:
Browse A-Z Listings:
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
A-Z Listings
Contact Us
Conditions & Treatments
Adult Health Library
Allergy and Asthma
Arthritis and Other Rheumatic Diseases
Bone Disorders
Breast Health
Cardiovascular Diseases
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Dermatology
Diabetes
Digestive Disorders
Endocrinology
Environmental Medicine
Eye Care
Gynecological Health
Hematology and Blood Disorders
Home Health, Hospice, and Elder Care
Infectious Diseases
Kidney and Urinary System Disorders
Liver, Biliary, and Pancreatic Disorders
Men's Health
Mental Health Disorders
Nervous System Disorders
Non-Traumatic Emergencies
Oral Health
Orthopaedic Surgery
Otolaryngology
Pathology
Pediatrics
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Plastic Surgery
Pregnancy and Childbirth
Prostate Health
Radiology
Respiratory Disorders
Skin Cancer
Spine, Shoulder, and Pelvis Disorders
Surgical Care
Travel Medicine
Women's Health
Pediatric Health Library
Adolescent Medicine
Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology
Blood Disorders
Burns
Cardiology
Care of the Terminally Ill
Child and Adolescent Mental Health
Child Having Surgery
Craniofacial Anomalies
Common Childhood Injuries and Poisonings
Dental and Oral Health
Dermatology
Diabetes Endocrinology
Digestive and Liver Disorders
Ear, Nose, and Throat
Eye Care
Genitourinary and Kidney Disorders
Growth and Development
High-Risk Newborn
High-Risk Pregnancy
Infectious Diseases
Medical Genetics
Neurological Disorders
Normal Newborn
Oncology
Orthopaedics
Pregnancy
Respiratory Disorders
Safety and Injury Prevention
Transplantation
Tests and Procedures
Cardiovascular
Gastroenterology
Gynecology
Lab Tests
Neurological
Orthopaedic
Pulmonary
Urology
Prevention Guidelines
Children Ages 0-2
Children Ages 2-18
Men Ages 18-39
Men Ages 40-49
Men Ages 50-64
Men Ages 65+
Women Ages 18-39
Women Ages 40-49
Women Ages 50-64
Women Ages 65+
Patient Education
Health Centers
Asthma
Understanding Asthma
Pulmonary Tests & Procedures
Controlling Asthma Triggers
Managing Your Asthma
Asthma and Other Conditions
For Your Family
Cancer
About Cancer
Cancer and Genetics
Cancer Test and Procedures
Cancer Diagnosis
Cancer and Nutrition
Cancer Treatment
Cancer Treatment Side Effects
Living With Cancer
Specific Cancers
Children and Cancer
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
What is COPD?
Pulmonary Tests & Procedures
Managing Your COPD
Preventing COPD
Diabetes
Understanding Diabetes
Types of Diabetes
Complications of Diabetes
Managing Diabetes
Diabetes and Your Family
Heart Disease
Understanding Heart Disease
Cardiac Tests & Procedures
Heart Conditions and Diseases
Women and Heart Disease
Diabetes and Heart Disease
Congenital Heart Disease
Cardiac Rehabilitation
Managing Heart Disease
Preventing Heart Disease
Neuroscience
About the Brain and Nervous System
Neurological Tests and Procedures
Neurological Conditions and Diseases
Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders
Headaches
Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases
Understanding Rehabilitation
Children & Neurological Conditions
Obesity and Bariatric Surgery
Understanding Obesity
Obesity and Health Problems
Treating Obesity
Bariatric Surgery
Lifestyle Changes
Childhood and Obesity
Orthopedics
Basic Anatomy
Orthopedic Tests and Procedures
Orthopedic Conditions and Disorders
Arthritis and Rheumatic Disorders
Osteoporosis
Fractures
Sports Injuries
Preventing Injuries at Work
Orthopedic Conditions and Children
Pregnancy & Newborns
Preparing for Pregnancy
Your Changing Body
Your First Trimester
Your Second Trimester
Your Third Trimester
Pregnancy Tests and Procedures
Healthy Pregnancy Lifestyles
Pregnancy Complications
Labor, Birth, and Postpartum
Your Newborn Baby
When Baby Needs Special Care
Feeding Your Baby
Drugs, Herbs & Supplements
Drug Interaction Checker
Drug Search
Drug Search by Physical Description
Herbs, Vitamins & Supplements
Amino Acids
Herbs
Minerals
Vitamins
Other
All
Nutrition & General Wellness
Healthy Recipes
By Dietary Considerations
By Food Category
Nutrition Facts
Wellness Library
At Work
Behavior
Dental
Diseases & Conditions
Fitness
Injuries & Emergencies
Nutrition
Parenting
Prevention
Safety
Today's Medicine
Weight Control
Your Body
Your Family
Children's Health
The Healthy Child
Children and Healthcare
Emotions and Behavior
Age-Specific Concerns
Parenting
Men's Health
In Good Health
Health Issues
Sexual Health & Reproduction
Sports Injuries
Older Adults
Living Better, Living Longer
Eating Well, Staying Fit
Prevention, Self-Care, and Safety
Using Medications
Health Concerns: Head to Toe
Long-Term Planning
For the Caregiver
Home Health and Hospice Care
Women's Health
A Woman's Journey
In Good Health
Women's Health Issues
News Center
Focus on Health
Health News
Newsletters
Cancer Awareness
Chronic Condition News
For Your Child
Heart Care
Men's Health
Women's Health
Healthy Living
Back and Neck Care
Back and Neck Basics
Causes of Back and Neck Pain
Keeping Your Back Healthy
Dealing With Back Pain
Preventing and Treating Neck Pain
Back Pain and Pregnancy
Blood Pressure
Blood Pressure Basics
Eating Healthier
Getting Exercise
Losing Weight
Managing Stress
Quitting Smoking, Limiting Alcohol
Taking Medication
Cholesterol
Understanding Cholesterol
Eating Healthy
Managing Weight
Getting Exercise
Breaking Bad Habits
Taking Medication
Fitness
Why Fitness Matters
Get Started
Get Moving
Stay Motivated
Make Time for Fitness
Improve Your Health
Children & Teens
Women
Older Adults
Mental Health
During Life's Journey
Common Conditions
Support and Stability
Nutrition
Nutrition Basics
Healthy Practices
Nutrition and Health Conditions
Children and Teens
Pregnant Women
Smoking Cessation
Facing Up to Smoking
Planning Your Quit Strategy
Taking the Big Step
Staying Smoke-Free
Teens and Smoking
Smoking During Pregnancy
Stress Management
Understanding Stress
Keys to Managing Stress
Stress on the Job
Stress and Family
Weight Management
Call to Action
About Weight Loss
Nutrition
Exercise
Behavior
Related Health Issues
Children and Teens
Tools & Multimedia
Calculators
Quizzes
Risk Assessments
Symptom Checker
Video Library
Documents relating to:
No 'Last Goodbye' for Cello: 5-Hour Surgery Saved Dog's Life
Related Items
News
1 in 5 Insured Hit With Surprise Bills for Surgery
A Better, Safer Way to Rid Some Kids of Seizures?
A New Hip or Knee Can Do a Marriage Good, Study Finds
ACL Surgery Can Do Real Damage to Your Brain: Study
Actor Jeff Bridges Shares Lymphoma Diagnosis
After Tooth Pull, Opioids Don't Relieve Pain Better Than Other Meds: Study
Aggressive Cancer Diagnosed for First Time in a Dinosaur
AHA News: Organ Transplants Make A Turnaround From COVID-19 Decline
AHA News: Routine Checkup Led to Open-Heart Surgery – at Age 6
AHA News: These Super Sunday Puppies Aren't Just Adorable, They Can Be Good for Health
AHA News: Want Your Cat to Stay in Purrrfect Health? Watch Out for Heart Disease
Alcohol Plays Role in U.S. Cancer Cases, Deaths: Report
Almost 90,000 Young American Adults Will Get Cancer This Year: Report
American Cancer Society Recommends HPV Test for Cervical Cancer Screening
Another Reason Why Cats Go Wild for Catnip
Antibiotics May Be Best First Treatment for Appendicitis
Are Raw Food, Homemade or Vegan Diets Good for Your Pet?
Artificial Heart Valve Would Grow With Kids, Cutting Need for Repeat Surgeries
As Postponed Surgeries Resume, Can U.S. Hospitals Handle the Strain?
At-Home Gene Test for Breast, Ovarian Cancers Looks Effective
'Awareness' Under C-Section Anesthesia May Be Less Rare Than Thought
Bacterial Blood Infections Tied to Heightened Colon Cancer Risk
Been Diagnosed with Cancer? Here’s What to Do
Beware Pet 'Bearded Dragons': CDC Says They Could Carry Salmonella
Birth Defects Tied to Rise in Lifelong Cancer Risk
Black Cancer Survivors Often Face Added Challenges: Study
Black Kids Face Higher Odds of Post-Op Complications Than White Kids
Blood Test Might Spot Pancreatic Cancer Early
Breaks in Health Insurance Hurt Cancer Care, Survival
Breast Cancer Treatment Comes Later, Lasts Longer for Black Women
Breastfeeding OK After Mom Has Anesthesia, Experts Say
Can Women With Early Breast Cancer Skip Post-Op Radiation?
Cancer Death Rates Continue to Fall in U.S., Report Says
Cancer Drug Might Help Curb Severe COVID-19
Cancer Patients Less Likely to Be Prescribed Heart Meds: Study
Cancer Radiation Can Safely Proceed During COVID-19 Pandemic: Study
Cancer Screening Fell Sharply Early in Pandemic, But Has Rebounded
Cancer Survivors at Higher Odds for Second Cancer: Study
Cancer Takes Heavy Toll on Women's Work and Finances: Study
Cats, Dogs and Snakebite: One Pet Has an Advantage
Certain Cancer Patients at Higher Odds for Severe COVID-19
Certain Cancer Treatments May Heighten Danger From COVID-19
Cervical Cancer Could All But Disappear in North America by 2040
Child's Cancer Doesn't Raise Parents' Divorce Risk, Curb Plans for More Kids: Study
Cholesterol Drugs Might Help Curb 'High-Risk' Prostate Cancers
Clear Danger: Glass-Topped Tables Injure Thousands Each Year
Coffee May Slow Spread of Colon Cancer
Coffee Might Help Ward Off Prostate Cancer
Compression Stockings May Not Be Needed After Surgeries, Study Finds
Coping With Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Could AI Help Doctors Map Out Treatments for Brain Cancers?
Could Daily Low-Dose Aspirin Hasten Cancer in Seniors?
Could Viagra, Cialis Help Boost Colon Cancer Survival?
COVID-19 Can Damage Lungs So Badly That 'Only Hope' is Transplant
COVID-19 May Force Some Cancer Patients to Delay Treatment
COVID-19 May Strike More Cats Than Believed
COVID-19 Tied to Raised Risk of Post-Op Death: Study
COVID-19 Will Delay 28 Million Elective Surgeries Worldwide: Study
CRISPR Gene Editing Creates 'Designer' Immune Cells That Fight Cancer
Crowdsourcing Raises Billions for Families Hit Hard by Medical Bills
Daily Aspirin Can Lower Colon Cancer Risk, But Age Matters
Definition of 'Dog Years' Not as Simple as Multiplying by 7
Delayed Surgery for Early Breast Cancer Won't Harm Survival: Study
Discovery Could Explain Why Black Americans More Prone to Colon Cancer
DNA Analysis Might Reveal Melanoma Risk
Do C-Section Babies Become Heavier Adults?
Do Minority Kids Face More Danger During Surgeries?
Doctors' Choice of Anesthesia Could Help Curb Climate Change
Doctors' Ratings Tank When Patients Are Kept Waiting: Study
Does Having a Dog Make for Well-Adjusted Kids?
Does Medical Marijuana Help or Harm Kids With Cancer?
Does Sexual Orientation Play a Role in Skin Cancer Risk?
Dogs
Do
Want to Rescue Trapped Owners, Experiments Show
Dogs and Their Humans Share Same Diabetes Risk: Study
Don't Delay If Cancer Symptoms Appear – Call Your Doctor
Don't Schedule Your Operation on Your Surgeon's Birthday
Dozens of Mammals May Be at Risk for Coronavirus Infection
Drug Combo May Be Safe, Effective Therapy for Rare Leukemia
Drug Combo Offers Hope Against Advanced Bladder Cancer
Drug Could Boost Survival From Lung Cancer Affecting Non-Smokers
Dual Method May Boost Accuracy of Prostate Cancer Diagnosis
During and After Surgery, Pot Users Need More Anesthesia, Painkillers: Study
Estrogen Taken During Gender-Affirming Surgeries Won't Raise Blood Clot Risk: Study
Even Rich Americans Don't Get World-Class Health Care: Study
Even 'Social Smokers' Up Their Odds of Death From Lung Disease
Even When Cancer Is in Remission, Patients' Risks of Severe COVID Rise
Expert Tips to Help You Beat the Heat
Fans Could Help Cancer Patients Breathe Easier: Study
Female Firefighters Face Higher Exposure to Carcinogens
Fewer Kids in Cancer Trials, Which Might Not Be a Bad Thing
First People in the Americas Probably Brought Their Dogs
Fish Oil May Help Prevent Heart Disease, But Not Cancer: Study
For Black Americans, Exercise Brings Real Boost to Life After Cancer
For Cancer Patients, Holiday Season Can Be a Stressful Time
For Many Cancer Patients, Diagnosis Brings Psychological 'Silver Lining'
For Patients on Blood Thinners, GI Bleeding May Signal Colon Cancer: Study
For People With Hepatitis, Daily Aspirin Might Lower Liver Cancer Risk
For Teens, Weight-Loss Surgery May Not Bring Emotional Gains
From 'Dead Man Walking' to Dancing Once More: One Man's Cancer Journey
Gallbladder Surgery During Pregnancy May Be Safer Than Waiting
Gay Men Underestimate Their Risks From HPV
Genes Help Explain Role of Race in Prostate Cancer Risk
Genome of Catnip Reveals How It Makes Cats Nuts
Get on the Bus: Lifesaving Lung Screens Hit the Road
Gynecological Cancers Not a Risk for Severe COVID-19: Study
Have Tasmanian Devils Turned a Corner in Fight Against Cancer?
Having Heart Disease Can Make Other Surgeries More Risky
Health Risks Persist for Young Cancer Survivors
Heart Surgery Leads to Long-Term Opioid Use for Some
'Hidden' Prostate Cancer on Biopsy Usually Means Good Outcome: Study
High-Fiber Diets May Lower Odds for Breast Cancer
Hormone Therapy for Prostate Cancer May Raise Heart Risks
How Helpful Are Support Dogs for Kids With Autism?
How Insurance Plans Keep Black Patients From Cancer Care
How Pets Can Be True Lifesavers for Seniors
How Streetlights Might Affect Your Colon Cancer Risk
HPV Vaccination Rises Among U.S. Kids, But Many Still Unprotected
Immunotherapy Drug Boosts Survival for Lung Cancer Patients
Immunotherapy Drug Boosts Survival With Bladder Cancer
Immunotherapy Safe for Cancer Patients with COVID-19: Study
In Many Cases, Hip Replacement Also Eases Back Pain
In Nonsmokers, COPD May Up Lung Cancer Risk
In Rare Case, COVID-19 Test Caused Spinal Fluid Leak
Is an Early Form of Breast Cancer More Dangerous Than Thought?
'Jeopardy' Host Alex Trebek Tells Fans Cancer Treatments Are 'Paying Off'
Keep Flossing: Study Ties Gum Disease to Higher Cancer Risk
Kids Aren't Scared by Medical Workers' PPE, Study Finds
Kids Often Hit Hard by Death of Beloved Pet, Study Finds
Kids With Cancer Not at Greater Risk for Severe COVID
Kids With Cancer Not at Greater Risk for Severe COVID-19
Kids With Congenital Heart Disease Face Higher Odds of Mental Health Issues
'Lab-on-a-Chip' Blood Test Could Spot Breast Cancer Early
Life Expectancy in U.S. Increases for First Time in 4 Years
Lose Weight, Lower Prostate Cancer Risk
Loving Partners May Be Key to Breast Cancer Survivors' Health
Low-Dose Aspirin Might Lower Odds for Digestive Cancers
Low-Dose Chest Scans Don't Appear to Harm DNA
'Major Financial Hardship' Hits Most Patients Battling Advanced Colon Cancer
Male Breast Cancer Patients Face Higher Heart Risks
Mammograms Do Save Women's Lives, Study Finds
Many High-Risk Patients Don't Know They Need Follow-Up Colonoscopy
Many Thyroid Cancer Ultrasound Scans Unnecessary
Meat Still Isn't Healthy, Study Confirms
Men, Make Health Your Goal This Year
Mindfulness Helps Young Women After Breast Cancer: Study
Minorities Less Likely to Get Recommended Lung Cancer Imaging
More Aggressive Surgery Can Extend Survival From Brain Cancer: Study
More Breast Cancer Survivors Opting to 'Go Flat' After Mastectomy
More Pets May Be Getting COVID-19 Than Realized
More Sex Partners, Higher Cancer Risk?
Multiple Surgeries for Cleft Lip, Palate Won't Cause Major Psychological Damage
New Blood Test May Improve Liver Cancer Screening
New Clues to How Cancers Originate in the Brain
New Drug Helps Shrink Inoperable Tumors in Kids
New Gene Study Unravels Cancer's Secrets
New Leash on Life: How Dog-Walking Is Helping Veterans Battered by PTSD
No 'Last Goodbye' for Cello: 5-Hour Surgery Saved Dog's Life
No, Your Dog Doesn't Really Prefer Your Face, Brain Scans Show
Obamacare Boosts Colon Cancer Diagnosis, Care: Study
Older and Getting Surgery? Get Fit Beforehand
One Dose of HPV Vaccine May Protect Against Cervical Cancer
Owners Remain Faithful to Flat-Faced Dogs Despite Health Woes
Pain Is a Growing Threat to the Nation's Surgeons, New Research Reveals
Pandemic Closures, Fears Keep Patients From Lung Cancer Screening
Pandemic Has Greatly Slowed Pace of Cancer Research
Pandemic Unleashes 'Startling' Rise in Dog Bites
Parent or Sibling With Colon Cancer? You May Need Colonoscopy Earlier
People Die When Hospital Bed Shortages Force Patients Out
Pets Helped People Cope During Pandemic Lockdown: Study
Pets May Help Parents of Kids With Autism Fight Stress
Pets Provide Comfort for 'Ruff' Quarantine Time
Pets: Big Pandemic Stress Reducers
Post-Op Deaths Decline for Cancer Patients, But Blacks Still More Vulnerable
Prostate Cancer Drug Could Be 'Game Changing,' Researchers Say
Prostate Cancer Leaves Detectable 'Fingerprint' in Blood: Study
Radiation Plus Surgery May Be Best Against an Early Form of Breast Cancer
Radiation Rx for Prostate Cancer Can Cause Financial Pain: Study
Radiation Treatment Is Hard on the Heart
Radiation Treatments Need to Take Breast Size Into Account: Study
Roll Over, Fido. You're Hogging the Bed
Simple Move May Boost Spinal Fusion Outcomes
Sleepy Seniors Have Higher Health Risks
Smoking Reduces Survival Odds After Bladder Cancer Surgery
Some Breast Surgery Won't Harm Ability to Breastfeed
Statins Tied to Significantly Lower Death Rate From Ovarian Cancer
Strong Support Network Is Key to Women's Cancer Recovery: Study
Struggling With CPAP for Sleep Apnea? Surgery May Help
Surgery Could Boost Survival for Women With Advanced Breast Cancers: Study
Surgery? One Type of Anesthesia Is Preferable During COVID-19 Outbreak
The Family Cat Could Be Good Medicine for Kids With Autism
Therapeutic Vaccine Is Keeping Melanoma in Remission 4 Years On
There's Bad News, Good News on Coronavirus' Spread in Cats
There's No Magic Formula to Slow Your Dog's Aging
Tips for Making 2021 a Healthier Year
Tough Decisions as COVID-19 Causes Cancer Surgery Delays
Tumors Have Their Own Bacterial Colonies That Could Guide Cancer Care
U.S. Sees Big Drop in Deaths From Melanoma
U.S. Spends Trillions on Health Care, But Health Stats Remain Low: Study
Vaping Causes DNA Changes Similar to Those in Cancer: Study
Very Early-Stage Breast Cancer Ups Long-Term Odds for Invasive Tumors: Study
Very Smart Dogs Learn Words Quickly, Study Shows
Virtual Care After Surgery May Be More Convenient For Patients
Want Better Rapport With Your Cat? Bat Your Eyes
Weight-Loss Surgery Lengthens Life Span, Study Shows
Weight-Loss Surgery Lowers Long-Term Heart Risks for Diabetic Teens
Weight-Loss Surgery May Cut Pancreatic Cancer Risk in People With Diabetes
Weight-Loss Surgery May Lower Colon Cancer Risk
Welcome to the 'Smart Toilet' That Can Spot Disease
What Kind of Cat Owner Are You?
What Works Best to Ease the Pain of Sciatica?
What You Need to Know About Your Colon Cancer Risk
What You Should Know If Your Surgery Has Been Put on Hold
What's the Best 'Uterine-Sparing' Treatment for Fibroids?
When Booze Labels Carry Health Warnings, Drinking Declines: Study
When COVID Strikes Cancer Patients, Men Fare Worse
When COVID-19 Strikes in Pregnancy, C-Section Tied to Worse Outcomes
When Is Surgery Not Safe for Seniors?
When Tackling a Problem, Pigs and Pooches Have Different Strategy
Which Animals Are Also Vulnerable to COVID Infection?
Which Surgery Works Best for Lower Back Pain?
Who's Most at Risk From Coronavirus?
Why Do Black Men Still Fare Worse With Prostate Cancer?
Why Do Black Patients Fare Worse With Blood Cancer Than Whites?
Why Some Dogs Are at Higher Odds of Dying From Heat
With Equal Access to Care, Blacks, Whites Have Similar Prostate Cancer Outcomes
Woman With Severe COVID-19 Gets Life Saving Double-Lung Transplant
Women More Likely to Survive Lung Cancer After Surgery: Study
Women Smokers Less Likely to Get Cancer Screenings
Your Dog May Not Understand Every Word You Say: Study
Contact Our Health Professionals
Request Appointment
Find Doctors
Find Locations
Follow Us
Copyright © The StayWell Company, LLC. except where otherwise noted.
About The StayWell Company, LLC.
arrow_backward
Close mobile menu
Mobile navigation
Home
Doctors
Locations
Conditions and Services
Patients and Visitors
HealthBeat
Academics
MyChart
Careers
Pay a Bill
Financial Assistance
For Physicians
Northwestern Medicine Newsroom
Contact Us